Sections:

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2

3

4

5

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90

Subjects:

Subjects discussed in Monadology A:

• Senses of "simple" (1)
• Difficulties about parts (1)
• Leibniz's sense of "is a part of" (1)
• Definition of Monad (1)
• Difficulties of simple substances (2)
• Extension and parts (3)
• Monads do not dissolve (4)
• No spontaneous creation (5)
• Difficulty with monads and fundamental particles (6)
• Monads, sensible species, and communication (7)
• Monads and qualities (8)
• Leibniz's dogma on identity (9)
• Changes as changes of qualities of monads (10)
• Internal principle of Monads (11)
• Specific nature (12)
• Multiplicity in the unit (13)
• Perception, consciousness, souls, and survival (14)
• Simple sum-up (14)
• Appetition, desires, entelechies (15)
• Multiplicity in the Monad (16)
• Perception cannot be explained mechanically (17)
• Leibniz's argument against materialism (17)
• Differences between mental and physical (17)
• The mental and the physical mutually irreducible in fact (17)
• Arguments about mental and physical (17)
• Two problems: meaning and self (17)
• Searle's Chinese Room argument restated (17)
• What Searle refuted (17)
• What Searle did not refute (17)
• Simple semantics (17)
• Monads as Entelechies (18)
• Meaning of "Entelechy" (18)
• Difficulty about Entelechies (18)
• Leibniz's solution (19  )
• Difficulty with Leibniz's solution (19  )
• Panpsychism (20)
• Conscious and unconscious perception (21)
• Regularity and inductions (22)
• Mental and physical (23)
• Difficulty about perception (23)
• Leibniz applied to computers (24)
• Leibniz vs Descartes on animals (25)
• Difficulty of Leibniz on perception (25)
• On how minds represent (26)
• Difficulty for Leibniz's representing (26)
• Theory of learning (27)
• Similar events have similar consequences (28)
• Necessary and eternal truths (29)
• Principles of inference (29)
• Reason, abduction, language, symbols (29)
• Acts of reflection (30)
• Reason and symbolization (30)
• Problem about necessary truth (30)
• Self and abduction (30)
• Principle of contradiction (31)
• Principle of sufficient reason (32)
• Abduction and sufficient reason (32)
• Abduction and necessity (32)
• Truths of reason and fact (33)
• Analysis of necessary truths (33)
• Two kinds of regularity (33)
• Mathematics, realism and fantasies (34)
• Reasoning with\out language (35)
• Contingent facts (36)
• Explanations of contingent facts (36)
• Infinity and the human mind (36)
• Compactness (36)
• A final reason (37)
• Difficulty of final reason (37)
• God's existence (38)
• No ultimate explanations (38)
• Difficulty for God (39)
• Supreme substance (40)

Subjects discussed in Monadology B:

• Puzzlements about perfections (41)
• Why people believe in God (42)
• The problem of evil (42)
• The real existence of unrealized possibilities (43)
• The "necessary being" as God or as Nature (44)
• Confusions of Anselm, Descartes and Leibniz (45)
• On whether God can do the impossible (46)
• The origin(s) of all there is (47)
• Monads supposedly everything (48)
• Divine and other (im)perfections (49)
• Metaphysical explanation of knowledge (50)
• How Monads interrelate (51)
• Possible worlds (53)
• The problem of evil in "the best possible of all worlds" (54)
• The problem of evil specifically (54)
• The problem of evil and the pretensions of priests (54)
• God's own evidence for God's own existence (55)
• Fundamental argument for atheism (55)
• Monads as mirrors (56)
• Perspectivism (57)
• Diverse human worlds (57)
• Pre-Established Harmony and Common Sense (57)
• Perfections in philosophy (58)
• Human ends are not part of physics-as-we-know-it (58)
• Leibniz's need for Pre-Established Harmony (59)
• Problem for all monads mirroring all (61)
• Bodies, souls and monads (62)
• The "divine machine or natural automaton" (64)
• Two kinds of infinity (65)
• The infinitely small and large (66)
• Macrocosm, microcosm and microscope (67)
• No entelechies ad infinitum (70)
• The mind-body problem (71)
• Metamorphosis and metempsychosis (72)
• Problem for a bodiless God (72)
• Problem of death (73)
• Life from seed, eggs, DNA (74)
• Form and substance for Leibniz (77)
• A logical problem for God's existence (77)
• Difference between soul and body (79)
• Soul, body and principle of energy (80)
• More Pre-Established Harmony (81)
• Rocks, plants, animals and men (82)
• Leibniz and abortion (82)
• Reason and abduction (83)
• God compared with humans (83)
• Leibniz as defender of Protestantism (84)
• Whether real things are ever perfect (85)
• Why does God need real creatures? (86)
• God is not needed for morals (86)
• Soul and body again (87)
• Shortcomings of God (88)
• God as an incoherent hypothesis (89)
• Whether optimists must be fatalists (90)