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Proof: A proof of a statement
is a valid argument to the effect that the
statement follows from given assumptions.
If these assumptions are true, the statement proved to follow from them
is also true. There are many styles of proof, such as a
rhetorical proof in a debate or an argument in law, but the best proofs
are those which can be cast in a logical or mathematical format and then
still hold - which often means that quite a few things have to be
explicated or explicitly assumed that are left tacit or are indeed
missed in other styles of proof.
In logic, a valid proof has the property used above: If the
assumptions used in the proof are true, then the conclusions deduced
from them are also true, for this follows from the definition of valid.
It should be noted that even in mathematics most proofs are informal,
at least in the sense that in most proofs much detail is left out that
is taken as self-evident, at least for those mathematicians who are
familiar with the subject. This also has a good reason: It would be
boring and would take much more space.
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See also: Argument,
Deduction,
Evidence, Fallacy,
Logic,
Logical Terms, Mathematical
Logic,
Natural Deduction,
Proof Theory,
Propositionna Logic, Rational,
Wisdom,
Wishful Thinking,
Literature:
Cartwright, Hilbert & Bernays, Wang
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